El Existencialismo es una corriente filosófica que tuvo su origen en el siglo XIX y se prolongó aproximadamente hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Los filósofos existencialistas se centraron en el análisis de la condición humana, la libertad y la responsabilidad individual, las emociones, así como el significado de la vida. No se trata de una escuela filosófica homogénea ni sistematizada, y sus seguidores se caracterizan principalmente por sus reacciones contra la filosofía tradicional. Actualmente se consideran tres tipos de "escuelas" existencialistas: el existencialismo cristiano, el existencialismo agnóstico, y el existencialismo ateo.

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Existentialism (/ɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪzəm/) is a term applied to the work of certain late-19th- and 20th-century European philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, shared the belief that philosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. While the predominant value of existentialist thought is commonly acknowledged to be freedom, its primary virtue is authenticity. In the view of the existentialist, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existential attitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience. Søren Kierkegaard is generally considered to have been the first existentialist philosopher, though he did not use the term existentialism. He proposed that each individual—not society or religion—is solely responsible for giving meaning to life and living it passionately and sincerely, or "authentically". Existentialism became popular in the years following World War II, and strongly influenced many disciplines besides philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature, and psychology.

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