La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es una forma de diabetes mellitus inducida por el embarazo. No se conoce una causa específica de este tipo de enfermedad pero se cree que las hormonas del embarazo reducen la capacidad que tiene el cuerpo de utilizar y responder a la acción de la insulina. El resultado es un alto nivel de glucosa en la sangre (hiperglucemia). La incidencia de la DMG es de un 3-10% de las mujeres embarazadas. Una de las consecuencias más frecuentes es un incremento de peso desproporcionado del bebé y una mayor probabilidad de que el bebé desarrolle obesidad y/o diabetes de tipo 2 en su vida adulta.[cita requerida]

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Gestational diabetes also known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is when a woman without diabetes, develops high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes generally results in few symptoms; however, it does increase the risk of pre-eclampsia, depression, and requiring a Caesarean section. Babies born to mothers with poorly treated gestational diabetes are at increased risk of being too large, having low blood sugar after birth, and jaundice. If untreated, it can also result in a stillbirth. Long term, children are at higher risk of being overweight and developing type 2 diabetes. Gestational diabetes is caused by not enough insulin in the setting of insulin resistance. Risk factors include being overweight, previously having gestational diabetes, a family history of type 2 diabetes, and having polycystic ovarian syndrome. Diagnosis is by blood tests. For those at normal risk screening is recommended between 24 and 28 weeks gestation. For those at high risk testing may occur at the first prenatal visit. Prevention is by maintaining a healthy weight and exercising before pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is a treated with a diabetic diet, exercise, and possibly insulin injections. Most women are able to manage their blood sugar with a diet and exercise. Blood sugar testing among those who are affected is often recommended four times a day. Breastfeeding is recommended as soon as possible after birth. Gestational diabetes affects 3–9% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied. It is especially common during the last third of pregnancy. It affects 1% of those under the age of 20 and 13% of those over the age of 44. A number of ethnic groups including Asians, American Indians, Indigenous Australians, and Pacific Islanders are at higher risk. In 90% of people gestational diabetes will resolve after the baby is born. Women, however, are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

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