El seguro de desempleo, prestación por desempleo, también denominado subsidio por desempleo, seguro de cesantía, seguro de paro, paro forzoso o cesantías, es un pago hecho por los gobiernos a las personas desempleadas que han cotizado durante el tiempo que han estado empleadas.

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Unemployment benefits (depending on the jurisdiction also called unemployment insurance or unemployment compensation) are social welfare payments made by the state or other authorized bodies to unemployed people. Benefits may be based on a compulsory para-governmental insurance system. Depending on the jurisdiction and the status of the person, those sums may be small, covering only basic needs, or may compensate the lost time proportionally to the previous earned salary. Unemployment benefits are generally given only to those registering as unemployed, and often on conditions ensuring that they seek work and do not currently have a job. In some countries, a significant proportion of unemployment benefits are distributed by trade/labour unions, an arrangement known as the Ghent system.

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