Las palabras multilingüismo o plurilingüismo describe el hecho de que una persona o una comunidad sea multilingüe, es decir sea capaz de expresarse en varias lenguas. En particular se habla de bilingüismo, o incluso de trilingüismo cuando dos lenguas o incluso 3 vuelven a entrar en consideración. El multilingüismo es percibido por los que lo defienden como una solución al problema de la desaparición de las numerosas lenguas. Este problema amenaza la diversidad cultural del mundo, dedicando a la desaparición un gran número de lenguas, que consisten con todo en tantas maneras diferentes de ver, comprender, clasificar y establecer relaciones entre las cosas. Se sabe en efecto que un 90% de las lenguas están en amenaza de extinción y que podrían desaparecer en unos 50 años.

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Multilingualism is the use of two or more languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers. Multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population. Multilingualism is becoming a social phenomenon governed by the needs of globalization and cultural openness. Owing to the ease of access to information facilitated by the Internet, individuals' exposure to multiple languages is becoming increasingly frequent, thereby promoting a need to acquire additional languages. People who speak several languages are also called polyglots. As far as learning a language, multilingual speakers have acquired and maintained at least one language during childhood, the so-called first language (L1). The first language (sometimes also referred to as the mother tongue) is acquired without formal education, by mechanisms heavily disputed. Children acquiring two languages in this way are called simultaneous bilinguals. Even in the case of simultaneous bilinguals, one language usually dominates over the other.People who know more than one language have been reported to be more adept at language learning compared to monolinguals. Additionally, bilinguals often have important economic benefits over monolingual individuals as bilingual people are able to carry out duties that monolinguals cannot, such asinteracting with customers who only speak a minority language. Multilingualism in computing can be considered part of a continuum between internationalization and localization. Due to the status of English in computing, software development nearly always uses it (but see also Non-English-based programming languages), so almost all commercial software is initially available in an English version, and multilingual versions, if any, may be produced as alternative options based on the English original.

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