Un embarazo múltiple es el desarrollo simultáneo en el útero de dos o más fetos. Un embarazo múltiple puede resultar de la fertilización de un óvulo por un espermatozoide que se divide, el cual es denominado embarazo monocigótico. Los embarazos múltiples también pueden resultar de la fertilización de dos o más óvulos, denominándose entonces embarazo múltiple bicigótico. Las complicaciones maternas son 3-7 veces más frecuentes en los embarazos múltiples. Por lo general, el embarazo múltiple tiene mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal, de tal forma que puede decirse que prácticamente todos los riesgos del embarazo único aumentan en el múltiple.

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A multiple birth is the culmination of one multiple pregnancy, wherein the mother delivers two or more offspring. A term most applicable to placental species, multiple births occur in most kinds of mammals, with varying frequencies. Such births are often named according to the number of offspring, as in twins and triplets. In non-humans, the whole group may also be referred to as a litter, and multiple births may be more common than single births. Multiple births in humans are the exception, and can be exceptionally rare in the largest mammals. Each single fertilized egg (zygote) may produce a single embryo, or it may split into two or more embryos, each carrying the same genetic material. Fetuses resulting from different zygotes are called fraternal and share only 50% of their genetic material, as ordinary full siblings from separate births do. Fetuses resulting from the same zygote share 100% of their genetic material, and are hence called identical and are always of the same sex (except in cases of sex reassignment or, much more rarely, Turner syndrome). A multiple pregnancy may be the result of the fertilization of a single egg that then splits to create identical fetuses, or it may be the result of the fertilization of multiple eggs that create fraternal fetuses, or it may be a combination of these two. A multiple pregnancy from a single zygote is called monozygotic, from two zygotes is called dizygotic, or from two or more zygotes is called polyzygotic. Similarly, the siblings themselves from a multiple birth may be referred to as monozygotic if they are identical, or as polyzygotic if they are fraternal.

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