La necrosis (del griego: νεκρóς. Pronunciación: /nekrós/. Significado: 'cadáver') es el patrón morfológico de la muerte patológica de un conjunto de células o de cualquier tejido en un organismo vivo, provocada por un agente nocivo que causa una lesión tan grave que no se puede reparar o curar. Por ejemplo, el aporte insuficiente de sangre al tejido o isquemia, un traumatismo, la exposición a la radiación ionizante, la acción de sustancias químicas o tóxico(a)s una infección, o el desarrollo de una enfermedad autoinmune o de otro tipo. Una vez que se ha producido y desarrollado, la necrosis es irreversible. No debe confundirse con apoptosis ni con autólisis.

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Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis. Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death. While apoptosis often provides beneficial effects to the organism, necrosis is almost always detrimental and can be fatal. Cellular death due to necrosis does not follow the apoptotic signal transduction pathway, but rather various receptors are activated, and result in the loss of cell membrane integrity and an uncontrolled release of products of cell death into the extracellular space. This initiates in the surrounding tissue an inflammatory response which prevents nearby phagocytes from locating and eliminating the dead cells by phagocytosis. For this reason, it is often necessary to remove necrotic tissue surgically, a procedure known as debridement. Untreated necrosis results in a build-up of decomposing dead tissue and cell debris at or near the site of the cell death. A classic example is gangrene.

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