Se llama unción (del latín ungere, ‘untar’) al proceso de embadurnar con aceite perfumado, leche, grasa animal, mantequilla derretida u otras sustancias, presente en los rituales de muchas religiones. Las personas y cosas se ungen para simbolizar la introducción de una influencia sacramental o divina, una emanación, espíritu o poder sagrados. La unción también puede provocar, en este marco religioso, que el mal o la enfermedad se aparten de alguien, restableciéndose la purificación o la salud.

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Anointing is the ritual act of pouring aromatic oil over a person's head or entire body. By extension, the term is also applied to related acts of sprinkling, dousing, or smearing a person or object with any perfumed oil, milk, butter, or other fat. Scented oils are used as perfumes and sharing them is an act of . Their use to is recorded from the earliest times; anointing was thus used as , thought to rid persons and things of dangerous spirits and demons which were believed to cause disease. In present usage, "anointing" is typically used for ceremonial blessings such as the . This continues an most famously observed in the anointings of Aaron as high priest and both Saul and David by the prophet Samuel. The concept is important to the figures of the Messiah and the Christ (Hebrew and Greek for "The Anointed One") who appear prominently in Jewish and Christian theology and eschatology. Anointing—particularly the anointing of the sick—may also be known as unction; the anointing of the dying as part of last rites in the Catholic church is sometimes specified as "extreme unction".

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