El término Localismo en política, describe un amplio rango de filosofías políticas que priorizan lo local. Generalmente el localismo apoya la producción y consumo de bienes locales, control local del gobierno y promoción de la historia, cultura e identidad locales. Contrasta con el regionalismo, el gobierno centralizado y el Estado unitario.

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Localism describes a range of political philosophies which prioritize the local. Generally, localism supports local production and consumption of goods, local control of government, and promotion of local history, local culture and local identity. Localism can be contrasted with regionalism and centralized government, with its opposite being found in the unitary state. Localism can also refer to a systematic approach to organizing a national government so that local autonomy is retained rather than following the usual pattern of government and political power becoming centralized over time. This view of Localism is defined in the work Localism, A Philosophy of Government. This work is available in the third edition as an ebook, while an earlier hardcover edition, circulated underground without an ISBN, is rather rare. On a conceptual level, there are important affinities between localism and deliberative democracy. This concerns mainly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them.

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