La falacia de composición es una falacia que consiste en inferir que algo es verdadero acerca de un todo solo porque es verdadero acerca de una o varias de sus partes. Por ejemplo: «Esta pieza de metal no puede romperse con un martillo. Por lo tanto, la máquina de la cual es parte no puede romperse con un martillo.» Esto es claramente un razonamiento falaz, pues muchas máquinas pueden romperse hasta sus partes constitutivas aunque sus partes sean irrompibles.

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The fallacy of composition arises when one infers that something is true of the whole from the fact that it is true of some part of the whole (or even of every proper part). For example: "This fragment of metal cannot be fractured with a hammer, therefore the machine of which it is a part cannot be fractured with a hammer." This is clearly fallacious, because many machines can be broken apart, without any of those parts being able to be fractured. This fallacy is often confused with the fallacy of hasty generalization, in which an unwarranted inference is made from a statement about a sample to a statement about the population from which it is drawn. The fallacy of composition is the converse of the fallacy of division; it may be contrasted with the case of emergence, where the whole possesses properties not present in the parts.

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