En economía, la ley de los rendimientos decrecientes (o ley de proporciones variables, principio de productividad marginal decreciente o retornos marginales decrecientes) es la disminución del incremento marginal de la producción a medida que se añade un factor productivo, manteniendo los otros constantes. Afirma que en todos los procesos productivos, añadir más de un factor productivo mientras se mantienen los otros constantes (ceteris paribus) dará progresivamente menores incrementos en la producción por unidad. Es un principio fundamental de la economía y tiene un rol principal en la teoría neoclásica de la producción.

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In economics, diminishing returns is the decrease in the marginal (incremental) output of a production process as the amount of a single factor of production is incrementally increased, while the amounts of all other factors of production stay constant. The law of diminishing returns states that in all productive processes, adding more of one factor of production, while holding all others constant ("ceteris paribus"), will at some point yield lower incremental per-unit returns. The law of diminishing returns does not imply that adding more of a factor will decrease the total production, a condition known as negative returns, though in fact this is common. A common sort of example is adding more people to a job, or assembling a car on a factory floor. At some point, adding more workers causes problems such as workers getting in each other's way or frequently finding themselves waiting for access to a part. In all of these processes, producing one more unit of output per unit of time will eventually cost increasingly more, due to inputs being used less and less effectively. The law of diminishing returns is a fundamental principle of economics. It plays a central role in production theory.

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