En electromagnetismo, el diamagnetismo es una propiedad de los materiales que consiste en repeler los campos magnéticos. Es lo opuesto a los materiales paramagnéticos los cuales son atraídos por los campos magnéticos. El fenómeno del diamagnetismo fue descubierto por Sebald Justinus Brugmans que observó en 1778 que el bismuto y el antimonio fueron repelidos por los campos magnéticos. El término diamagnetismo fue acuñado por Michael Faraday en septiembre de 1845, cuando se dio cuenta de que todos los materiales responden (ya sea en forma diamagnética o paramagnética) a un campo magnético aplicado.

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Diamagnetic materials create an induced magnetic field in a direction opposite to an externally applied magnetic field, and are repelled by the applied magnetic field. In contrast, the opposite behavior is exhibited by paramagnetic materials. Diamagnetism is a quantum mechanical effect that occurs in all materials; when it is the only contribution to the magnetism the material is called a diamagnet. Unlike a ferromagnet, a diamagnet is not a permanent magnet. Its magnetic permeability is less than μ0, the permeability of vacuum. In most materials diamagnetism is a weak effect, but a superconductor repels the magnetic field entirely, apart from a thin layer at the surface. Diamagnets were first discovered when Sebald Justinus Brugmans observed in 1778 that bismuth and antimony were repelled by magnetic fields. In 1845, Michael Faraday demonstrated that it was a property of matter and concluded that every material responded (in either a diamagnetic or paramagnetic way) to an applied magnetic field. He adopted the term diamagnetism after it was suggested to him by William Whewell.

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