Un quiste ovárico es cualquier concentración de fluido dentro del ovario. Algunos de ellos, llamados quistes funcionales son parte del proceso normal de menstruación. Cualquier folículo ovárico mayor de 2 centímetros se denomina quiste ovárico. Tipos concretos de quistes ováricos incluyen los folículos de Graaf (que pueden romperse a mitad del ciclo y provocar dolor menstrual) y los quistes del cuerpo lúteo (que pueden romperse sobre el final del ciclo y tardar hasta tres meses en desaparecer del todo). Otros quistes son patológicos, como los debidos al síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Una de las formas más comunes para la detección es mediante un examen pélvico. Los quistes se forman durante el ciclo menstrual, y son llamados quistes funcionales y no son lo mismo que los quistes causados por cáncer u otras enfermedades.

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An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. If the cyst either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary severe pain may occur. This may result in vomiting or feeling faint. The majority of cysts are, however, harmless. Most ovarian cysts are related to ovulation being either follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts. Other types include cysts due to endometriosis, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas. Many small cysts occur in both ovaries in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pelvic inflammatory disease may also result in cysts. Rarely cysts may be a form of ovarian cancer. Diagnosis is undertaken by pelvic examination with an ultrasound or other testing used to gather further details. Often cysts are simply observed over time. If they cause pain, medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen may be used. Hormonal birth control may be used to prevent further cysts in those who are frequently affected. However, evidence does not support birth control as a treatment of current cysts. If they do not go away after several months, get larger, look unusual, or cause pain they may be removed by surgery. Most women of reproductive age develop small cysts each month. Large cysts that cause problems occur in about 8% of women before menopause. Ovarian cysts are present in about 16% of women after menopause and if present are more likely to be cancer.

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