Un sondeo a boca de urna (también conocido como encuesta a pie de urna o encuesta israelita) es una encuesta realizada a los votantes inmediatamente después de haber salido de las urnas. A diferencia del sondeo de opinión que pregunta por quién votaría el elector o alguna formulación similar, un sondeo a boca de urna pregunta por quién en realidad votó el elector. Los encuestadores, usualmente compañías especializadas contratadas por periódicos o diversos medios de comunicación, llevan a cabo encuestas a boca de urna para obtener una indicación temprana de cómo resultó una elección, dado que en muchas elecciones el resultado real puede tomar horas o incluso días para que se termine el conteo de votos.

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An election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations. Unlike an opinion poll, which asks for whom the voter plans to vote, or some similar formulation, an exit poll asks for whom the voter actually voted. A similar poll conducted before actual voters have voted is called an entrance poll. Pollsters – usually private companies working for newspapers or broadcasters – conduct exit polls to gain an early indication as to how an election has turned out, as in many elections the actual result may take hours or even days to count. There are different views on who invented the exit poll. Marcel van Dam, Dutch sociologist and former politician, claims to be the inventor, by being the first to implement one during the Dutch legislative elections on February 15, 1967. Other sources say Warren Mitofsky, an American pollster, was the first. For CBS News, he devised an exit poll in the Kentucky gubernatorial election in November that same year. Notwithstanding this, the mention of the first exit polls date back to the 1940's when such a poll was held in Denver, Colorado.

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