Las aguas interiores son aquellas que están situadas en el interior de línea base del mar territorial y cuyas aguas están sometidas a la jurisdicción del Estado ribereño. El límite exterior coincide con el interior del mar territorial. El límite interior coincide con la tierra firme (hasta el litoral costero o donde llega la acción de las mareas). Existen dos acepciones de aguas interiores, según sean marítimas o fuera del medio marino, incluyendo en esa última las denominadas aguas continentales interiores, pertenecientes a lagos, embalses y ríos. Las aguas interiores están sometidas a la soberanía del Estado ribereño, que se extiende al espacio aéreo así como al lecho y al subsuelo (art. 2.º1 y 2). Aunque estas aguas estén sometidas a la jurisdicción del Estado ribereño, el Estado puede autorizar, prohibir o suspender la entrada de buques extranjeros, En las aguas interiores no existe el derecho de paso inocente, salvo que eltrazado de la línea base recta encierran como interiores aguas que antes no lo eran (art. 8.º2).

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According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a nation's internal waters include waters on the landward side of the baseline of a nation's territorial waters, except in archipelagic states. It includes waterways such as rivers and canals, and sometimes the water within small bays. In inland waters, sovereignty of the state is equal to that which it exercises on the mainland. The coastal state is free to make laws relating to its internal waters, regulate any use, and use any resource. In the absence of agreements to the contrary, foreign vessels have no right of passage within internal waters, and this lack of right to innocent passage is the key difference between internal waters and territorial waters. The "archipelagic waters" within the outermost islands of archipelagic states are treated as internal waters with the exception that innocent passage must be allowed, although the archipelagic state may designate certain sea lanes in these waters. When a foreign vessel is authorized to enter inland waters, it is subject to the laws of the coastal State, with one exception: the crew of the ship is subject to the law of the flag State. This extends to labor conditions as well as to crimes committed on board the ship, even if docked at a port. Offences committed in the harbor and the crimes committed there by the crew of a foreign vessel always fall in the jurisdiction of the coastal State. The coastal State can intervene in ship affairs when the master of the vessel requires intervention of the local authorities, when there is danger to the peace and security of the coastal State, or to enforce customs rules.

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