Se conoce como totalitarismos a las ideologías, los movimientos y los regímenes políticos donde la libertad está seriamente restringida y el Estado ejerce todo el poder sin divisiones ni restricciones. Los totalitarismos, o regímenes totalitarios, se diferencian de otros regímenes autocráticos por ser dirigidos por un partido político que pretende ser o se comporta en la práctica como partido único y se funde con las instituciones del Estado. Estos regímenes, por lo general exaltan la figura de un personaje que tiene un poder ilimitado que alcanza todos los ámbitos y se manifiesta a través de la autoridad ejercida jerárquicamente. Impulsan un movimiento de masas en el que se pretende encuadrar a toda la sociedad (con el propósito de formar una persona nueva en una sociedad perfecta), y hacen uso intenso de la propaganda y de distintos mecanismos de control social y de represión como la policía secreta.[cita requerida]

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Totalitarianism is a political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. Totalitarian regimes stay in political power through an all-encompassing propaganda campaign that is disseminated through the state-controlled mass media, a single party that is often marked by political repression, personality cultism, control over the economy, regulation and restriction of speech, mass surveillance, and widespread use of terror. A distinctive feature of totalitarian governments is an "elaborate ideology, a set of ideas that gives meaning and direction to the whole society." The concept of totalitarianism was first developed in the 1920s by the Weimar German jurist, and later Nazi academic, Carl Schmitt, and Italian fascists. Schmitt used the term, Totalstaat, in his influential work on the legal basis of an all-powerful state, The Concept of the Political (1927). The concept became prominent in Western political discourse as a concept that highlights similarities between Fascist states and the Soviet Union. Other movements and governments have also been described as totalitarian. The leader of the historic Spanish reactionary conservative movement called the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right declared his intention to "give Spain a true unity, a new spirit, a totalitarian polity..." and went on to say "Democracy is not an end but a means to the conquest of the new state. When the time comes, either parliament submits or we will eliminate it."

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