La libertad condicional es una medida alternativa a una pena privativa de libertad, como la prisión o el arresto domiciliario, que contemplan los ordenamientos jurídicos de algunos países, y que es posible imponer en la sentencia cuando se cumplen ciertos requisitos establecidos en la ley, que le permite al condenado por un delito cumplir su sanción penal en libertad, aunque sujeto a ciertas obligaciones o bajo ciertas condiciones, por ejemplo, no cometer nuevos delitos o faltas. En caso de incumplir tales condiciones, la persona a la cual se le ha concedido la libertad condicional debe cumplir su condena en la cárcel. Del mismo modo, esta figura es contemplada en ciertos sistemas legales como una medida de rehabilitación, que le permite al condenado, tras cumplir una cierta proporción de la pena impuesta y otros requisitos, terminar su condena en libertad, aunque sujeto a ciertas condiciones.

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Parole is the provisional release of a prisoner who agrees to certain conditions prior to the completion of the maximum sentence period, originating from the French parole ("voice", "spoken words"). The term became associated during the Middle Ages with the release of prisoners who gave their word. This differs greatly from amnesty or commutation of sentence in that parolees are still considered to be serving their sentences, and may be returned to prison if they violate the conditions of their parole. A specific type of parole is medical parole or compassionate release which is the release of prisoners on medical or humanitarian grounds. Conditions of parole often include things such as obeying the law, refraining from drug and alcohol use, avoiding contact with the parolee's victims, obtaining employment, and maintaining required contacts with a parole officer. Some justice systems, such as the United States federal system, place defendants on supervised release after serving their entire prison sentence; this is not the same as parole. In Colorado, parole is an additional punishment after the entire prison sentence is served, called "mandatory parole", per §18-1.3-401(1)(a)(V)(B).

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