La guerra subsidiaria o guerra proxy (del inglés) es un tipo de guerra que se produce cuando dos o más potencias utilizan a terceros como sustitutos, en vez de enfrentarse directamente. Aunque las superpotencias han utilizado a veces países enteros como subsidiarios, normalmente se prefiere utilizar a guerrillas, mercenarios, grupos terroristas, saboteadores o espías para golpear al oponente indirectamente. El objetivo es dañar, dislocar o debilitar a la otra potencia sin ir a un conflicto abierto. Con frecuencia, las guerras subsidiarias se libran en el contexto de conflictos violentos o soterrados a gran escala. Rara vez es posible librar una guerra subsidiaria pura, pues los bandos utilizados tienen sus propios intereses, algunos de los cuales divergen de los intereses de los patrones. Entre las guerras que se considera que han tenido un componente de subsidiariedad importante se hallan la Guerra Civil Española, la Guerra Civil Griega, las guerras de Corea, Vietnam o Afganistán, la Guerra Civil del Líbano, la Guerra de Angola, la Guerra Indo-Pakistaní, la Guerra de Iraq, Guerra de Osetia del Sur, actualmente la guerra en Siria y en general, los conflictos derivados de la Guerra Fría entre las que encontramos las guerras revolucionarias de América Latina impulsadas desde Cuba.

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A proxy war is a conflict between two states or non-state actors where neither entity directly engages the other. While this can encompass a breadth of armed confrontation, its core definition hinges on two separate powers utilizing external strife to somehow attack the interests or territorial holdings of the other. This frequently involves both countries fighting their opponent's allies, or assisting their allies in fighting their opponent. Proxy wars have been especially common since the close of World War II and the rise of the Cold War, and were a defining aspect of global conflict during the latter half of the 20th century. Much of this was motivated by fears that direct conflict between the United States and Soviet Union would result in nuclear holocaust, rendering proxy wars a safer way of exercising hostilities. There were also more immediate reasons for the emergence of proxy war on the global stage. During its later years, the USSR often found it less expensive to arm or otherwise prop up NATO-antagonistic parties in lieu of direct engagement. In addition, the proliferation of televised media and its impact on public perception made the U.S. public especially susceptible to war-weariness and skeptical of risking American life abroad. This led to the practice of arming insurgent forces, such as the funneling of supplies to the Mujahideen during the Soviet-Afghan War. Proxy wars can also emerge from independent conflicts escalating due to the intervention of external powers. For example, the Spanish Civil War began as a civil war between the pro-fascist revolutionary Nationalists, and the supporters of the Spanish Republic, called Republicans. However, it evolved into a proxy war as Nazi Germany and its allies began supporting the Nationalists, while the USSR, Mexico and various international volunteers supported the Republicans.

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