La ergonomía es la disciplina que se encarga del diseño de lugares de trabajo, herramientas y tareas, de modo que coincidan con las características fisiológicas, anatómicas, psicológicas y las capacidades del trabajador. Busca la optimización de los tres elementos del sistema (humano-máquina-ambiente), para lo cual elabora métodos de la persona, de la técnica y de la organización. Derivado del griego έργον (ergon, ‘trabajo’) y νόμος (nomos, ‘ley’), el término denota la ciencia del trabajo. Es una disciplina sistemáticamente orientada, que ahora se aplica a todos los aspectos de la actividad humana con las máquinas. El Consejo de la Asociación Internacional de Ergonomía (IEA), que agrupa a todas las sociedades científicas a nivel mundial, estableció desde el año 2000 la siguiente definición, que abarca la interdisciplinariedad que fundamenta a esta disciplina: Ergonomía (o factores humanos) es la disciplina científica relacionada con la comprensión de las interacciones entre los seres humanos y los elementos de un sistema, y la profesión que aplica teoría, principios, datos y métodos de diseño para optimizar el bienestar humano y todo el desempeño del sistema.

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Human factors and ergonomics (commonly referred to as HF&E), also known as comfort design, functional design, and systems, is the practice of designing products, systems, or processes to take proper account of the interaction between them and the people who use them. The field has seen contributions from numerous disciplines, such as psychology, engineering, biomechanics, industrial design, physiology, and anthropometry. In essence, it is the study of designing equipment, devices and processes that fit the human body and its cognitive abilities. The two terms "human factors" and "ergonomics" are essentially synonymous. The International Ergonomics Association defines ergonomics or human factors as follows: Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. HF&E is employed to fulfill the goals of occupational health and safety and productivity. It is relevant in the design of such things as safe furniture and easy-to-use interfaces to machines and equipment. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries and other musculoskeletal disorders, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability. Human factors and ergonomics is concerned with the "fit" between the user, equipment and their environments. It takes account of the user's capabilities and limitations in seeking to ensure that tasks, functions, information and the environment suit each user. To assess the fit between a person and the used technology, human factors specialists or ergonomists consider the job (activity) being done and the demands on the user; the equipment used (its size, shape, and how appropriate it is for the task), and the information used (how it is presented, accessed, and changed). Ergonomics draws on many disciplines in its study of humans and their environments, including anthropometry, biomechanics, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering, industrial design, information design, kinesiology, physiology, cognitive psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, and space psychology.

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