Los sacrificios humanos fueron practicados en muchas culturas antiguas. Se mataba a las víctimas ritualmente de una forma que pretendía apaciguar a los dioses. Los sacrificios humanos fueron practicados en las religiones celtas de la edad de bronce y en los rituales relacionados con la adoración de los dioses en Escandinavia. Para los habitantes de la antigua Cartago, enemiga sempiterna de Roma, el sacrificio de infantes recién nacidos era también una manera de aplacar a sus dioses. La Biblia contiene también un relato sobre el sacrificio de su hijo Isaac que Dios le pide a Abraham, siendo luego detenido por Dios mismo, al superar la prueba de fe. También, obras artísticas, como La consagración de la primavera del compositor Ígor Stravinski, hacen referencia a los antiguos sacrificios de doncellas en la actual Rusia.

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Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more human beings, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual. Human sacrifice has been practiced in various cultures throughout history. Victims were typically ritually killed in a manner that was supposed to please or appease gods, spirits or the deceased, for example as a propitiatory offering or as a retainer sacrifice when a king's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life. Closely related practices found in some tribal societies are cannibalism and headhunting. By the Iron Age, with the associated developments in religion (the Axial Age), human sacrifice was becoming less common throughout the Old World, and came to be looked down upon as barbaric in classical antiquity. In the New World, however, human sacrifice continued to be widespread to varying degrees until the European colonization of the Americas. In modern times, even the practice of animal sacrifice has virtually disappeared from all major religions (or has been re-cast in terms of ritual slaughter), and human sacrifice has become extremely rare. Most religions condemn the practice, and modern secular laws treat it as murder. In a society which condemns human sacrifice, the term ritual murder is used.

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