La Guerra chino-vietnamita o Invasión china de Vietnam (1979年中越战争 o 对越自卫反击战、反中国扩张主义战争、第三次印度支那戰爭 en chino) (Chiến tranh biên giới Việt-Trung, 1979 en vietnamita) fue un conflicto bélico que enfrentó en 1979 a la recientemente unificada República Socialista de Vietnam, respaldada por la Unión Soviética, contra la República Popular China y su estado cliente, Kampuchea Democrática. Fue un suceso bélico al que los occidentales no prestaron tanta atención como el conflicto que había acabado casi cuatro años antes, la Guerra de Vietnam. Esta falta de atención se debió a la corta duración de la contienda. Fue una consecuencia de la invasión vietnamita a la Kampuchea Democrática de Pol Pot y sus Jemeres Rojos en diciembre de 1978, que puso fin al genocidio camboyano.

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The Sino-Vietnamese War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh biên giới Việt-Trung; simplified Chinese: 中越战争; traditional Chinese: 中越戰爭; pinyin: Zhōng-Yuè Zhànzhēng), also known as the Third Indochina War, was a brief border war fought between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in early 1979. China launched the offensive in response to Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978 (which ended the rule of the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge). Former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger wrote that Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping saw this as a Soviet attempt "to extend its evil tentacles to Southeast Asia and...carry out expansion there", which reflected the long-standing Sino-Soviet split. Kissinger also noted that "[w]hatever the shortcomings of its execution, the Chinese campaign reflected a serious, long-term strategic analysis". The Chinese entered northern Vietnam and captured some of the cities near the border. On March 6, 1979, China declared that the gate to Hanoi was open and that their punitive mission had been achieved. Chinese forces retreated back across the Vietnamese border into China. Both China and Vietnam claimed victory in the last of the Indochina Wars of the 20th century; as Vietnamese troops remained in Cambodia until 1989, it can be said that China failed to achieve the goal of dissuading Vietnam from involvement in Cambodia. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Sino-Vietnamese border was finalized. China demonstrated to its Cold War Communist adversary, the Soviet Union, that they were unable to protect their new Vietnamese ally. Following worsening relations between the Soviet Union and China as a result of the Sino-Soviet split, as many as 1.5 million Chinese troops were stationed along the Soviet-Chinese border, in preparation for a full-scale war.

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