Los anfibios (Amphibia, del griego αμφι, amphi ('ambos') y βιο, bio ('vida'), que significa «ambas vidas» o «en ambos medios») son una clase de vertebrados anamniotas (sin amnios, como los peces), tetrápodos, ectotérmicos, con respiración branquial durante la fase larvaria y pulmonar al alcanzar el estado adulto. A diferencia del resto de los vertebrados, se distinguen por sufrir una transformación durante su desarrollo. Este cambio puede ser drástico y se denomina metamorfosis. Los anfibios fueron los primeros vertebrados en adaptarse a una vida semiterrestre, presentando en la actualidad una distribución cosmopolita al encontrarse ejemplares en prácticamente todo el mundo, estando ausentes solo en las regiones árticas y antárticas, en los desiertos más áridos y en la mayoría de las islas oceánicas. Hay descritas 7492 especies de anfibios. Cumplen un rol ecológico vital respecto al transporte de energía desde el medio acuático al terrestre, así como a nivel trófico al alimentarse en estado adulto, en gran medida, de artrópodos y otros invertebrados. Algunas especies de anfibios secretan a través de la piel sustancias altamente tóxicas. Estas sustancias constituyen un sistema de defensa frente a los depredadores. Desde hace miles de años los anfibios han sido asociados con mitos y magia, enfocándose mucho de este folclore desde una perspectiva negativa. Por otra parte, existen culturas que han relacionado a los anfibios con fertilidad, fortuna, protección, entre otros aspectos beneficiosos.

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Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe. The earliest amphibians evolved in the Devonian period from sarcopterygian fish with lungs and bony-limbed fins, features that were helpful in adapting to dry land. They diversified and became dominant during the Carboniferous and Permian periods, but were later displaced by reptiles and other vertebrates. Over time, amphibians shrank in size and decreased in diversity, leaving only the modern subclass Lissamphibia. The three modern orders of amphibians are Anura (the frogs and toads), Urodela (the salamanders), and Apoda (the caecilians). The number of known amphibian species is approximately 7,000, of which nearly 90% are frogs. The smallest amphibian (and vertebrate) in the world is a frog from New Guinea (Paedophryne amauensis) with a length of just 7.7 mm (0.30 in). The largest living amphibian is the 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), but this is dwarfed by the extinct 9 m (30 ft) Prionosuchus from the middle Permian of Brazil. The study of amphibians is called batrachology, while the study of both reptiles and amphibians is called herpetology.

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