El monoteísmo es la creencia en la existencia de un solo Dios. El término proviene de dos palabras griegas: μόνος monos que significa "solo" y θέος theos que significa "Dios". En el monoteísmo, "Dios" significa algo supremo, relacionado con ideas y conceptos filosóficos, distinto un ser personal con atributos antropomórficos, nombres, e incluso etnia. El monoteísmo contrasta con el politeísmo que es la creencia en la existencia de varios dioses. Las religiones monoteístas suelen oponerse abiertamente al politeísmo.

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Monotheism has been defined as the belief in the existence of one god or in the oneness of God. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church gives a more restricted definition: "belief in one personal and transcendent God", as opposed to polytheism and pantheism. A distinction may be made between exclusive monotheism, and both inclusive monotheism and pluriform (panentheistic) monotheism which, while recognising many distinct gods, postulate some underlying unity. Monotheism is distinguished from henotheism, a religious system in which the believer worships one god without denying that others may worship different gods with equal validity, and monolatrism, the recognition of the existence of many gods but with the consistent worship of only one deity. Monotheism characterizes the traditions of Bábism, the Bahá'í Faith, Cao Dai (Caodaiism), Cheondoism (Cheondogyo), Christianity, Deism, Eckankar, Islam, Judaism, Mandaeism, Rastafari, Ravidassia religion, Seicho no Ie, Shaivism, Shaktism, Sikhism, Tengrism (Tangrism), Tenrikyo (Tenriism), Vaishnavism, and Zoroastrianism, and elements of pre-monotheistic thought are found in religions such as Ancient Chinese religion, Atenism, and Yahwism.

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