El rockabilly es uno de los primeros subgéneros del rock and roll. Se origina en la década de 1950. El término es la contracción de las palabras rock y hillbilly, referente éste a una variedad ruda de country conocida como hillbilly music en la década de 1940-50 que contribuyó enormemente al desarrollo de su estilo. Otras influencias del rockabilly incluyen el western swing, el rhythm & blues, el boogie woogie, y la música folk de los Apalaches. Aunque existen excepciones, su origen descansa en la región sur de los Estados Unidos. Su influencia y popularidad decae en la década de 1960, pero a finales de los años setenta y principios de los ochenta, disfruta de un revival de popularidad que llega a la actualidad mediante la subcultura rockabilly.

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Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South. As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered "classic" rock and roll. Some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll. The term "rockabilly" itself is a portmanteau of "rock" (from "rock 'n' roll") and "hillbilly", the latter a reference to the country music (often called "hillbilly music" in the 1940s and 1950s) that contributed strongly to the style. Other important influences on rockabilly include western swing, boogie woogie, jump blues, and electric blues. Defining features of the rockabilly sound included strong rhythms, vocal twangs, and common use of the tape echo; but progressive addition of different instruments and vocal harmonies led to its "dilution". Initially popularized by artists such as Johnny Cash, Bill Haley, Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Bob Luman, and Jerry Lee Lewis, the influence and success of the style waned in the 1960s; nonetheless, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, rockabilly enjoyed a major revival through acts such as Stray Cats. An interest in the genre endures even in the 21st century, often within a subculture. Rockabilly has left a legacy, spawning a variety of sub-styles and influencing other genres such as punk rock.

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