El módulo de Young o módulo de elasticidad longitudinal es un parámetro que caracteriza el comportamiento de un material elástico, según la dirección en la que se aplica una fuerza. Este comportamiento fue observado y estudiado por el científico inglés del siglo XIX Thomas Young, aunque el concepto fue desarrollado en 1727 por Leonhard Euler, y los primeros experimentos que utilizaron el concepto de módulo de Young en su forma actual fueron hechos por el científico italiano Giordano Riccati en 1782, 25 años antes del trabajo de Young. El término módulo es el diminutivo del término latino modus que significa “medida". Para un material elástico lineal e isótropo, el módulo de Young tiene el mismo valor para una tracción que para una compresión, siendo una constante independiente del esfuerzo siempre que no exceda de un valor máximo denominado límite elástico, y es siempre mayor que cero: si se tracciona una barra, aumenta de longitud. Tanto el módulo de Young como el límite elástico son distintos para los diversos materiales. El módulo de elasticidad es una constante elástica que, al igual que el límite elástico, puede encontrarse empíricamente mediante ensayo de tracción del material. Además de este módulo de elasticidad longitudinal, puede definirse el módulo de elasticidad transversal de un material.

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Young's modulus, which is also known as the elastic modulus, is a mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. It defines the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in a material.Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young. However, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler, and the first experiments that used the concept of Young's modulus in its current form were performed by the Italian scientist Giordano Riccati in 1782, pre-dating Young's work by 25 years. The term modulus is the diminutive of the Latin term modus which means measure. A solid body deforms when a load is applied to it. If the material is elastic, the body returns to its original shape after the load is removed. The modulus is linear if the ratio of load to deformation remains constant during the loading process. Not many materials are linear and elastic beyond a small amount of deformation. A constant Young's modulus applies only to linear elastic materials. A perfectly rigid material has an infinite Young's modulus because an infinite force is needed to deform such a material. A material whose Young's modulus is very high can be approximated as rigid. A stiff material needs more force to deform compared to a soft material. The Young's modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material. Do not confuse: \n* stiffness with strength: the strength of material is the amount of force it can withstand and still recover its original shape; \n* material stiffness with geometric stiffness: the geometric stiffness depends on shape, e.g. the stiffness of an I beam is much higher than that of a round tube made of the same steel, thus having the same rigidity, and same mass off material per length; \n* stiffness with hardness: the hardness of a material defines the relative resistance that its surface imposes against the penetration of a harder body; \n* stiffness with toughness: toughness is the amount of energy that a material can absorb before fracturing.

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