La placa base, también conocida como placa madre o placa principal (motherboard o mainboard en inglés), es una tarjeta de circuito impreso a la que se conectan los componentes que constituyen la computadora. Es una parte fundamental para montar cualquier computadora personal de escritorio o portátil. Tiene instalados una serie de circuitos integrados, entre los que se encuentra el circuito integrado auxiliar (chipset), que sirve como centro de conexión entre el microprocesador (CPU), la memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM), las ranuras de expansión y otros dispositivos. Va instalada dentro de una carcasa o gabinete que por lo general está hecha de chapa y tiene un panel para conectar dispositivos externos y muchos conectores internos y zócalos para instalar componentes internos. La placa madre, además incluye un firmware llamado BIOS, que le permite realizar las funcionalidades básicas, como pruebas de los dispositivos, vídeo y manejo del teclado, reconocimiento de dispositivos y carga del sistema operativo.

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A motherboard (sometimes alternatively known as the mainboard, system board, baseboard, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in general purpose microcomputers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant sub-systems such as the central processor, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general purpose use. Motherboard specifically refers to a PCB with expansion capability and as the name suggests, this board is often referred to as the "mother" of all components attached to it, which often include peripherals, interface cards, and daughtercards: sound cards, video cards, network cards, hard drives, or other forms of persistent storage; TV tuner cards, cards providing extra USB or FireWire slots and a variety of other custom components. Similarly, the term mainboard is applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability, such as controlling boards in laser printers, televisions, washing machines and other embedded systems with limited expansion abilities.

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