Los bacteriófagos (también llamados fagos -del griego φαγητόν (phagētón), «alimento, ingestión») son virus que infectan exclusivamente a las bacterias. Al igual que los virus que infectan células eucariotas, los fagos están constituidos por una cubierta proteica o cápside en cuyo interior está contenido su material genético, que puede ser ADN , de 5000 a 500 000 pares de bases. El tamaño de los fagos oscila entre 20 y 200 nm aproximadamente. Los fagos son ubicuos y pueden ser encontrados en diversas poblaciones de bacterias, tanto en el suelo como en la flora intestinal de los animales. Uno de los ambientes más poblados por fagos y otros virus es el agua de mar, donde se estima que puede haber en torno a 109 partículas virales por mililitro, pudiendo estar infectadas por fagos el 70 % de las bacterias marinas.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

A bacteriophage /ˈbækˈtɪər.i.oʊˌfeɪdʒ/ (informally, phage /ˈfeɪdʒ/) is a virus that infects and replicates within a bacterium. The term is derived from "bacteria" and the Greek: φαγεῖν (phagein), "to devour". Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have relatively simple or elaborate structures. Their genomes may encode as few as four genes, and as many as hundreds of genes. Phages replicate within the bacterium following the injection of their genome into its cytoplasm. Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere. Phages are widely distributed in locations populated by bacterial hosts, such as soil or the intestines of animals. One of the densest natural sources for phages and other viruses is sea water, where up to 9×108 virions per milliliter have been found in microbial mats at the surface, and up to 70% of marine bacteria may be infected by phages.They have been used for over 90 years as an alternative to antibiotics in the former Soviet Union and Central Europe, as well as in France. They are seen as a possible therapy against multi-drug-resistant strains of many bacteria (see phage therapy). Nevertheless, phages of Inoviridae have been shown to complicate biofilms involved in pneumonia and cystic fibrosis, shelter the bacteria from drugs meant to eradicate disease and promote persistent infection.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA