Bitcoin (signo: ฿; abr.: BTC, XBT) es una criptodivisa concebida en 2009. El término se aplica también al protocolo y a la red P2P que lo sustenta y de forma común se denomina como una moneda digital. Generalmente se usa «Bitcoin» para referirse a la red o al protocolo y «bitcoin» (plural: «bitcoins») para referirse a las unidades monetarias. Bitcoin se caracteriza por ser descentralizado, es decir, no está respaldado por ningún gobierno ni depende de la confianza en un emisor central. Por el contrario, utiliza un sistema de prueba de trabajo para impedir el doble gasto y alcanzar el consenso entre todos los nodos que integran la red intercambiando información sobre una red no confiable y potencialmente comprometida (resuelve el problema de los generales bizantinos). De igual forma, las transacciones no necesitan de intermediarios y el protocolo es código abierto. Bitcoin es un proyecto innovador en constante evolución y cambio. Si bien los desarrolladores recomiendan investigar cómo funcionan previo a invertir en ellos o abrir una cartera para utilizarlos, también consideran que tiene la capacidad de cambiar el mundo en términos económicos.

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Bitcoin is a digital asset and a payment system invented by an unidentified programmer, or group of programmers, under the name of Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin was introduced on 31 October 2008 to a cryptography mailing list, and released as open-source software in 2009. There have been various claims and speculation concerning the identity of Nakamoto, none of which are confirmed.The system is peer-to-peer and transactions take place between users directly, without an intermediary. These transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public distributed ledger called the blockchain, which uses bitcoin as its unit of account. Since the system works without a central repository or single administrator, the U.S. Treasury categorizes bitcoin as a decentralized virtual currency. Bitcoin is often called the first cryptocurrency, although prior systems existed and it is more correctly described as the first decentralized digital currency. Bitcoin is the largest of its kind in terms of total market value. Bitcoins are created as a reward for payment processing work in which users offer their computing power to verify and record payments into a public ledger. This activity is referred to as mining and miners are rewarded with transaction fees and newly created bitcoins. Besides being obtained by mining, bitcoins can be exchanged for other currencies, products, and services. When sending bitcoins, users can pay an optional transaction fee to the miners. In February 2015, the number of merchants accepting bitcoin for products and services passed 100,000. Instead of 2–3% typically imposed by credit card processors, merchants accepting bitcoins often pay fees in the range from 0% to less than 2%. Despite the fourfold increase in the number of merchants accepting bitcoin in 2014, the cryptocurrency did not have much momentum in retail transactions. The European Banking Authority and other sources have warned that bitcoin users are not protected by refund rights or chargebacks. The use of bitcoin by criminals has attracted the attention of financial regulators, legislative bodies, law enforcement, and media. Criminal activities are primarily centered around darknet markets and theft, though officials in countries such as the United States also recognize that bitcoin can provide legitimate financial services.

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