Un hadrón (del griego ἁδρός, hadrós, "denso") es una partícula subatómica formada por quarks que permanecen unidos debido a la interacción nuclear fuerte entre ellos. Antes de la postulación del modelo de quarks se definía a los hadrones como aquellas partículas que eran sensibles a la interacción fuerte. Como todas las partículas subatómicas, los hadrones tienen números cuánticos correspondientes a las representaciones del grupo de Poincaré: J^PC(m), donde J es el espín, P la paridad, C la paridad C, y m la masa. Además pueden llevar números cuánticos de sabor como el isoespín, extrañeza, etc.

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In particle physics, a hadron /ˈhædrɒn/ (Greek: ἁδρός, hadrós, "stout, thick") is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force in a similar way as molecules are held together by the electromagnetic force. Hadrons are categorized into two families: baryons, made of three quarks, and mesons, made of one quark and one antiquark. Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons; pions are an example of a meson. Hadrons containing more than three valence quarks (exotic hadrons) have been discovered in recent years. A tetraquark state (an exotic meson), named the Z(4430)−, was discovered in 2007 by the Belle Collaboration and confirmed as a resonance in 2014 by the LHCb collaboration. Two pentaquark states (exotic baryons), named P+c(4380) and P+c(4450), were discovered in 2015 by the LHCb collaboration. There are several more exotic hadron candidates, and other colour-singlet quark combinations may also exist. Of the hadrons, protons are stable, and neutrons bound within atomic nuclei are stable. Other hadrons are unstable under ordinary conditions; free neutrons decay with a half-life of about 611 seconds. Experimentally, hadron physics is studied by colliding protons or nuclei of heavy elements such as lead, and detecting the debris in the produced particle showers.

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