El sistema d'Hondt es un método de promedio mayor para asignar escaños en sistemas de representación proporcional por listas electorales. Los métodos de promedio mayor se caracterizan por dividir a través de distintos divisores los totales de los votos obtenidos por los distintos partidos, produciéndose secuencias de cocientes decrecientes para cada partido y asignándose los escaños a los promedios más altos. Fue creado por el jurista belga Victor d'Hondt en 1878. Los sistemas de representación proporcional intentan asignar los escaños a las listas de manera proporcional al número de votos recibidos. En general, no es posible alcanzar la proporcionalidad exacta, ya que no es posible asignar un número decimal de escaños.De los métodos comúnmente utilizados para la conversión proporcional de votos en escaños, el método d’Hondt, siendo bastante proporcional, tiende a favorecer un poco más que otros a los grandes partidos. Sin embargo, hay dos circunstancias que favorecen muchísimo más a dichos partidos: las circunscripciones pequeñas y la barrera electoral. Al menos estos países utilizan el método d’Hondt para el reparto de votos en escaños: Albania, Argentina, Austria, Bélgica, Brasil, Bulgaria, Camboya, Cabo Verde, Chile, Colombia, República Dominicana, Croacia, República Checa, Timor del Este, Ecuador, España, Estonia, Finlandia, Guatemala, Hungría, Islandia, Israel, Japón, Kosovo, Luxemburgo, Macedonia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Países Bajos, Paraguay, Perú, Polonia, Portugal, Rumanía, Escocia, Serbia, Eslovenia, Turquía, Uruguay, Venezuela y Gales.

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The D'Hondt method (mathematically but not operationally equivalent to Jefferson's method) is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. The method described is named in United States after Thomas Jefferson, who introduced the method for proportional allocation of seats in the United States House of Representatives in 1791, and in Europe after Belgian mathematician Victor D'Hondt, who described it in 1878 for proportional allocation of parliamentary seats to the parties. There are two forms: closed list (a party selects the order of election of their candidates) and an open list (voters' choices determine the order). Proportional representation systems aim to allocate seats to parties in proportion to the number of votes received. For example, if a party wins one-third of the votes then it should gain one-third of the seats. In general, exact proportionality is not possible because these divisions produce fractional numbers of seats. As a result, several methods, of which the D'Hondt method is one, have been devised which guarantee that the parties' seat allocations are whole numbers that sum to the correct total, while aiming to preserve proportionality as far as is possible. In comparison with the Sainte-Laguë method, D'Hondt slightly favours large parties and coalitions over scattered small parties. Legislatures using this system include those of Albania, Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Kosovo, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Scotland, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Uruguay, and Wales. The system has also been used for the 'top-up' seats in the London Assembly; in some countries during elections to the European Parliament; and during the 1997 Constitution-era for allocating party-list parliamentary seats in Thailand. A modified form was used for elections in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly but abandoned in favour of the Hare-Clark system. The system is also used in practice for the allocation between political groups of a large number of posts (Vice Presidents, committee chairmen and vice-chairmen, delegation chairmen and vice-chairmen) in the European Parliament and for the allocation of ministers in the Northern Ireland Assembly.

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