El dengue es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el virus del dengue, del género flavivirus que es transmitida por mosquitos, principalmente por el Aedes aegypti. La infección causa síntomas gripales, y en ocasiones evoluciona hasta convertirse en un cuadro potencialmente mortal, llamado dengue grave o dengue hemorrágico. Es una infección muy extendida que se presenta en todas las regiones de clima tropical del planeta. En los últimos años la transmisión ha aumentado de manera predominante en zonas urbanas y se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud pública. En la actualidad, más de la mitad de la población mundial está en riesgo de contraer la enfermedad. La prevención y el control del dengue dependen exclusivamente de las medidas eficaces de lucha contra el vector transmisor, el mosquito. El número de casos de dengue ha aumentado dramáticamente desde la década de 1960, con entre 50 y 528 millones de personas infectadas anualmente Las primeras descripciones datan de 1779, y su causa viral y la transmisión fueron entendidas a principios del siglo 20. El dengue se ha convertido en un problema mundial desde la segunda guerra mundial y es endémica en más de 110 países. Aparte de la eliminación de los mosquitos, se está trabajando en una vacuna contra el dengue, así como la medicación dirigida directamente al virus.

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Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Recovery generally takes two to seven days. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets and blood plasma leakage, or into dengue shock syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure occurs. Dengue is spread by several species of mosquito of the Aedes type, principally A. aegypti. The virus has five different types; infection with one type usually gives lifelong immunity to that type, but only short-term immunity to the others. Subsequent infection with a different type increases the risk of severe complications. A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including detecting antibodies to the virus or its RNA. A novel vaccine for dengue fever has been approved in three countries, but it is not yet commercially available. Prevention is by reducing mosquito habitat and limiting exposure to bites. This may be done by getting rid of or covering standing water and wearing clothing that covers much of the body. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive and includes giving fluid either by mouth or intravenously for mild or moderate disease. For more severe cases blood transfusion may be required. About half a million people require admission to hospital a year. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen should not be used. Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and is common in more than 110 countries. Each year between 50 and 528 million people are infected and approximately 10,000 to 20,000 die. The earliest descriptions of an outbreak date from 1779. Its viral cause and spread were understood by the early 20th century. Apart from eliminating the mosquitoes, work is ongoing for medication targeted directly at the virus.

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