Tuvalu, antiguamente Islas Ellice, es un país insular perteneciente a la región de la Polinesia, localizada en el océano Pacífico, aproximadamente a mitad de camino entre Hawái y Australia. Los países más cercanos a Tuvalu son Kiribati, Samoa y Fiyi. Consta de 4 arrecifes de coral y 5 atolones, con un área total de 25,44 km² (2.544 hectáreas). Después de la Ciudad del Vaticano (932 hab.) y antes de la República de Nauru (13.048 hab.) es la nación independiente con menor número de habitantes. También es el miembro de las Naciones Unidas con menor número de habitantes, ya que dispone solamente de 11.810. Tiene una altitud máxima de 5 metros sobre el nivel del mar, siendo, después de Maldivas (2 metros sobre el nivel del mar), el país con la menor altitud máxima. Tiene clima tropical marítimo, moderado por los vientos alisios del este de marzo a noviembre, los meses restantes con abundantes lluvias y la vegetación típica está compuesta de palmeras (cocoteros).

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Tuvalu (/tuːˈvɑːluː/ too-VAH-loo or /ˈtuːvəluː/ TOO-və-loo), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia, lying east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (belonging to the Solomons), southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna and north of Fiji. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line. Tuvalu has a population of 10,640 (2012 census). The total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 square kilometres (10 sq mi). The first inhabitants of Tuvalu were Polynesians. The pattern of settlement that is believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Samoa and Tonga into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the Polynesian Outlier communities in Melanesia and Micronesia. In 1568, Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to sail through the archipelago, sighting the island of Nui during his expedition in search of Terra Australis. In 1819 the island of Funafuti was named Ellice's Island; the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands after the work of English hydrographer Alexander George Findlay. The islands came under Britain's sphere of influence in the late 19th century, when each of the Ellice Islands was declared a British Protectorate by Captain Gibson of HMS Curacoa between 9 and 16 October 1892. The Ellice Islands were administered as British protectorate by a Resident Commissioner from 1892 to 1916 as part of the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT), and then as part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony from 1916 to 1974. A referendum was held in December 1974 to determine whether the Gilbert Islands and Ellice Islands should each have their own administration. As a consequence of the referendum, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands colony ceased to exist on 1 January 1976 and the separate British colonies of Kiribati and Tuvalu came into existence. Tuvalu became fully independent within the Commonwealth on 1 October 1978. On 5 September 2000 Tuvalu became the 189th member of the United Nations.

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