Zar (en ruso Acerca de este sonido царь (?·i), transliterado al alfabeto latino como tsar; en búlgaro, macedonio y serbio цар, car; y en croata car), que proviene del latín caesar, -ăris, en femenino zarina (царица, transliterado al alfabeto latino como tsaritsa; en croata, carica), era el título usado por monarcas eslavos, principalmente del Imperio ruso entre 1547 y 1917 (aunque desde 1721 la forma oficial fue la de emperador), pero también por los gobernantes de Serbia (1346–1371) y de Bulgaria (913–1396 y 1908–1946). Hay que destacar que, al contrario de lo que normalmente se cree, no implica un rango imperial, siendo equivalente a krol, kral, korol o kirali (varias formas de las lenguas eslavas para designar al rey, derivadas etimológicamente del nombre de Carlomagno, Karl, del mismo modo en que la palabra zar proviene etimológicamente de César). [cita requerida] Como muchos otros títulos nobiliarios, se usa figurativamente en el habla normal, para referirse a personas o instituciones que poseen gran poder y actúan como autócratas. [cita requerida]

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

Tsar /zɑːr/ (Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь [usually written thus with a title] or цар, цaрь) or czar is a title used to designate certain Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism. The term is derived from the Latin word Caesar, which was intended to mean "Emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, with-holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch)—but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to king, or to be somewhat in between a royal and imperial rank. Occasionally, the word could be used to designate other, secular, supreme rulers. In Asia and Russia the imperial connotations of the term were blurred with time, due to the medieval translations of the Bible, and, by the 19th century, it had come to be viewed as an equivalent of King. "Tsar" was the official title in the following states: \n* First Bulgarian Empire, in 913–1018 \n* Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1185–1396 \n* Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371 \n* Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator, but remaining in use outside Russia – and also officially in relation to several regions – until 1917) \n* Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946 The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. Simeon II, the last Tsar of Bulgaria, is the last person to have borne the title Tsar as well as being the last surviving person to do so.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA