El titanio es un elemento químico de símbolo Ti y número atómico 22. Se trata de un metal de transición de color gris plata. Comparado con el acero, aleación con la que compite en aplicaciones técnicas, es mucho más ligero (4,5/7,8). Tiene alta resistencia a la corrosión y gran resistencia mecánica, pero es mucho más costoso que aquél, lo cual limita sus usos industriales. Es un metal abundante en la naturaleza; se considera que es el cuarto metal estructural más abundante en la superficie terrestre y el noveno en la gama de metales industriales. No se encuentra en estado puro sino en forma de óxidos, en la escoria de ciertos minerales de hierro y en las cenizas de animales y plantas. Su utilización se ha generalizado con el desarrollo de la tecnología aeroespacial, donde es capaz de soportar las condiciones extremas de frío y calor que se dan en el espacio y en la industria química, por ser resistente al ataque de muchos ácidos; asimismo, este metal tiene propiedades biocompatibles, dado que los tejidos del organismo toleran su presencia, por lo que es factible la fabricación de muchas prótesis e implantes de este metal.

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Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth for the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere, and it is found in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies, and soils. The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments. Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene. Titanium can be alloyed with iron, aluminium, vanadium, and molybdenum, among other elements, to produce strong, lightweight alloys for aerospace (jet engines, missiles, and spacecraft), military, industrial process (chemicals and petro-chemicals, desalination plants, pulp, and paper), automotive, agri-food, medical prostheses, orthopedic implants, dental and endodontic instruments and files, dental implants, sporting goods, jewelry, mobile phones, and other applications. The two most useful properties of the metal are corrosion resistance and the highest strength-to-density ratio of any metallic element. In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as some steels, but less dense. There are two allotropic forms and five naturally occurring isotopes of this element, 46Ti through 50Ti, with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8%). Although they have the same number of valence electrons and are in the same group in the periodic table, titanium and zirconium differ in many chemical and physical properties.

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