Los cheroqui (en inglés: Cherokee, en cheroqui: ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ; ah-ni-yv-wi-ya) son un grupo indígena de Norteamérica que habitaban el territorio actual de los estados de Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Carolina del Norte, Carolina del Sur, Tennessee y Virginia en el sudeste de los Estados Unidos cuando los europeos contactaron con ellos en el siglo XVI. Con posterioridad, la mayoría de los cheroqui fueron forzados a trasladarse a la meseta Ozark (Oklahoma). Los cheroqui eran uno de los pueblos que se agrupaban en las «Cinco Tribus Civilizadas».

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(For other uses, see Cherokee (disambiguation).) The Cherokee (/ˈtʃɛrəkiː/; Cherokee Ani-Yunwiya (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ or ᏣᎳᎩ) are a Native American People, originally indigenous to the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina). Currently there are three federally recognized Cherokee tribes: the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in North Carolina, the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, also in Oklahoma. The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian language group. In the nineteenth century, historians and ethnographers recorded an oral tradition that told of the tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian-speaking peoples lived. By the 19th century, European settlers in the United States called the Cherokee one of the "Five Civilized Tribes," because they had adopted numerous cultural and technological practices of the European American settlers. The Cherokee were one of the first, if not the first, major non-European ethnic group to become U.S. citizens. Article 8 in the 1817 treaty with the Cherokee stated Cherokees may wish to become citizens of the United States. The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma has around 300,000 tribal members, making it the largest of the 566 federally recognized tribes in the United States. In addition, numerous groups claiming Cherokee lineage, some of which are state-recognized, have members who are among those 819,000-plus people claiming Cherokee ancestry on the US census. Of the three federally recognized Cherokee tribes, the Cherokee Nation (CNO) and the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (UKB) have headquarters in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. The UKB are mostly descendants of "Old Settlers," Cherokee who migrated to Arkansas and Oklahoma about 1817. They are related to the Cherokee who were forcibly relocated there in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians is on the Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina; their predecessors resisted or avoided relocation.

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