Los tai son cualquier miembro del grupo dominante del Sureste Asiático. Entre estos se encuentran los tai o siamés (en Tailandia), los lao (en Laos y Tailandia), los shan (en Birmania), los lü (principalmente en Yunnan, China), los tai Yunnan (en Yunnan) y los tribales tay (en Vietnam). Todos hablan lenguas tai y la mayoría son budistas de la escuela Theravada. El estatus de las mujeres tai es alto. Los tai suman cerca de 76 millones de individuos.

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Speakers of the many languages in the Tai branch of the Tai–Kadai language family are spread over many countries in Southern China, Indochina and Northeast India. Unsurprisingly, there are many terms used to describe the distinct Tai peoples of these regions. In China, Southwestern Tai peoples are called by the very large umbrella term "Dai people", distinguishing them from the other speakers from the Tai branch of Tai–Kadai, who are known as the Rau. Endonyms outside of China vary greatly; most common are variants of Tai, which may be taken to mean human; the more restricted term Lao is of unknown origin. The name "Lao" is used almost exclusively by the majority population of Laos, the Lao people, and two of the three other members of the Lao-Phutai subfamily of Southwestern Tai: Isan speakers (occasionally), the Nyaw or Yaw and the Phu Thai. In contrast, the term T(h)ai predominates among Southwestern Thai speakers:Northern branch: \n* Shan \n* Tai Ya \n* Tai Nüa \n* Tai Hongjin \n* Khamti \n* Tai Laing \n* Tai Phake \n* Tai Aiton \n* Khamyang \n* Tai Ahom \n* Turung \n* Sapa Chiang Saen branch: \n* Thai \n* Northern Thai \n* Tai Daeng \n* Tai Dón \n* Tai Hang Tong \n* Tai Lü \n* Tai Dam \n* Khün \n* Phuan \n* Thai Song \n* Tày Tac Southern group \n* Southern Thai

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