Sonata es el nombre dado a distintas formas musicales]], empleadas desde el período barroco hasta las experiencias más futurísticas de la música contemporánea. Es importante tener en cuenta que la misma palabra alude a significados sutilmente diferentes en cada época: principalmente en cuestiones formales. Por sonata se entiende, según el modelo clásico, tanto una pieza musical completa, como un procedimiento compositivo que utiliza dos temas generalmente contrastantes. Este procedimiento compositivo es conocido como «forma sonata».

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Sonata (/səˈnɑːtə/; Italian: [soˈnaːta], pl. sonate; from Latin and Italian: sonare, "to sound"), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piece sung. The term evolved through the history of music, designating a variety of forms until the Classical era, when it took on increasing importance, and is vague. By the early 19th century, it came to represent a principle of composing large-scale works. It was applied to most instrumental genres and regarded—alongside the fugue—as one of two fundamental methods of organizing, interpreting and analyzing concert music. Though the musical style of sonatas has changed since the Classical era, most 20th- and 21st-century sonatas still maintain the same structure. The term sonatina, pl. sonatine, the diminutive form of sonata, is often used for a short or technically easy sonata.

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