El serbio es una de las variantes del pluricéntrico serbocroata estándar. El serbio es hablado principalmente en Serbia, en donde es oficial, así como en las zonas de Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croacia, Montenegro y Macedonia. Desde un punto de vista lingüístico, muchos expertos sostienen que el serbio, el croata, el montenegrino y el bosnio no son sino cuatro variantes estandarizadas de un mismo idioma, el serbocroata, siendo las diferencias entre las variantes de tipo menor y existiendo una plena inteligibilidad mutua.

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Serbian (Serbian Cyrillic: српски, Gaj's Latin: srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used chiefly by Serbs in Serbia, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Croatia, Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. Standard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovinian dialects), which is also the basis of Standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian. Serbian is practically the only European standard language with complete synchronic digraphia, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets; speakers read the two scripts equally well. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created the alphabet on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet was designed by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1830.

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