Un cliente liviano o cliente delgado (thin client o slim client en inglés) es una computadora cliente o un software de cliente en una arquitectura de red cliente-servidor que depende primariamente del servidor central para las tareas de procesamiento, y se enfoca principalmente en transportar la entrada y la salida entre el usuario y el servidor remoto. En contraste, un cliente pesado realiza tanto procesamiento como sea posible y transmite solamente los datos para las comunicaciones y el almacenamiento al servidor. Muchos dispositivos de cliente liviano ejecutaban solamente navegadores web o programas de escritorio remoto, lo que significaba que todo el procesamiento significativo ocurría en el servidor. Sin embargo, dispositivos recientes vendidos como clientes livianos pueden correr sistemas operativos completos tales como GNU/Linux Debian, calificándolos como nodos sin disco o clientes híbridos. Algunos clientes livianos también son llamados "terminales de acceso". Consecuentemente, el término "cliente liviano", en términos de hardware, incluye a cualquier dispositivo comercializado o usado como un cliente liviano en la definición original, incluso si sus capacidades reales son mucho mayores. El término también es usado en un sentido incluso más amplio que incluye nodos sin disco.

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A thin client is a lightweight computer that is purpose-built for remote access to a server (typically cloud or desktop virtualization environments). It depends heavily on another computer (its server) to fulfill its computational roles. The specific roles assumed by the server may vary, from hosting a shared set of virtualized applications, a shared desktop stack or virtual desktop, to data processing and file storage on the client's or user's behalf. This is different from the desktop PC (fat client), which is a computer designed to take on these roles by itself. Thin clients occur as components of a broader computing infrastructure, where many clients share their computations with a server or server farm. The server-side infrastructure makes use of cloud computing software such as application virtualization, hosted shared desktop (HSD) or desktop virtualization (VDI). This combination forms what is known today as a cloud based system where desktop resources are centralized into one or more data centers. The benefits of centralization are hardware resource optimization, reduced software maintenance, and improved security. \n* Example of hardware resource optimization: Cabling, bussing and I/O can be minimized while idle memory and processing power can be applied to users sessions that most need it. \n* Example of reduced software maintenance: Software patching, security updates, application/OS updates, and OS migrations can be applied, tested and activated for all users in one instance to accelerate roll-out and improve administrative efficiency. \n* Example of improved security: Software assets are centralized and easily fire-walled, monitored and protected. Sensitive data is uncompromised in cases of desktop loss or theft. Thin client hardware generally consists of a computer terminal which provides I/O for a keyboard, mouse, monitor, jacks for sound peripherals, and open ports for USB devices, e.g. printer, flash drive, web cam, card reader, smartphone, etc. Some thin clients include legacy serial and/or parallel ports to support older devices such as receipt printers, scales, time clocks, etc. Thin client software typically consists of a GUI (graphical user interface), cloud access agents (e.g. RDP, ICA, PCoIP), a local web browser, terminal emulations (in some cases), and a basic set of local utilities.

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