La sharia, también conocida como saría, charía o ley islámica (en árabe: شريعة إسلامية, šarīʕah al-Islāmīya, ‘vía o senda del Islam’), es el cuerpo de Derecho islámico. Constituye un código detallado de conducta, en el que se incluyen también las normas relativas a los modos del culto, los criterios de la moral y de la vida, las cosas permitidas o prohibidas, las reglas separadoras entre el bien y el mal. Sin embargo, su identificación con la religión es matizable: aunque está en el Islam, no es un dogma ni algo indiscutible (como pudiera serlo el texto del Corán), sino objeto de interpretación. Denota un modo de vida islámico que es más que un sistema de justicia civil o criminal. Como una cuestión de conciencia personal y guía moral de conducta, la sharia es adoptada por la mayoría de los creyentes y practicantes musulmanes, en distintos grados; pero, a diferencia de las orientaciones morales de la Biblia para los cristianos, no sólo constituye un código religioso de orientación vital, sino que codifica específicamente la conducta y rige todos los aspectos de la vida. Ha sido formalmente instituida como ley por ciertos Estados, que se definen como Estado islámico. En esos casos, los tribunales de justicia se instituyen como tribunal islámico y velan por su cumplimiento. Muchos países del mundo islámico, aunque no se hayan definido de forma completa como Estado islámico, han adoptado parcialmente en su legislación elementos de la sharia (en áreas como las herencias y los testamentos, la regulación de las actividades bancarias y de los contratos, etc.).

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Sharia (shari'a), Islamic sharia, Islamic law (Arabic: شريعة‎‎ (IPA: [ʃaˈriːʕa])) is the religious law governing the members of the Islamic faith. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. The term sharia comes from the Arabic language term sharīʿah, which means a body of moral and religious law derived from religious prophecy, as opposed to human legislation. Sharia deals with many topics, including crime, politics, marriage contracts, trade regulations, religious prescriptions, and economics, as well as personal matters such as sexual intercourse, hygiene, diet, prayer, everyday etiquette and fasting. Adherence to sharia has served as one of the distinguishing characteristics of the Muslim faith historically. In its strictest definition, sharia is considered in Islam as the infallible law of God. There are two primary sources of sharia: the Quran and the Hadiths (opinions and life example of Muhammad). For topics and issues not directly addressed in these primary sources, sharia is derived. The derivation differs between the various sects of Islam (Sunni and Shia are the majority), and various jurisprudence schools such as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Jafari. The sharia in these schools is derived hierarchically using one or more of the following guidelines: Ijma (usually the consensus of Muhammad's companions), Qiyas (analogy derived from the primary sources), Istihsan (ruling that serves the interest of Islam in the discretion of Islamic jurists) and Urf (customs). Sharia is a significant source of legislation in many Muslim countries where some countries apply a majority or some of the sharia code, and these include Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Brunei, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Yemen and Mauritania. In these countries, sharia-prescribed punishments such as beheading, flogging and stoning continue to be practiced judicially or extra-judicially. Attempts to impose sharia in some parts of the world have been accompanied by controversy, violence, and even warfare. Most countries do not recognize sharia; however, some countries in Asia (such as Israel), Africa and Europe recognize parts of sharia and accept it as the law on divorce, inheritance and other personal affairs of their Islamic population. In England, the Muslim Arbitration Tribunal makes use of sharia family law to settle disputes, and this limited adoption of sharia is controversial. The concept of crime, judicial process, justice and punishment embodied in sharia is different from that of secular law. The differences between sharia and secular law have led to an ongoing controversy as to whether sharia is compatible with secular forms of government, human rights, freedom of thought, and women's rights.

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