En la construcción naval se denomina calafatear a la acción de introducir entre dos tablas del casco de madera una combinación de estopa de cáñamo embebida en brea a fin de evitar la entrada de agua. En la actualidad, también se utilizan productos sintéticos para realizar la operación. Esta tarea debe realizarse periódicamente en las embarcaciones a fin de garantizar la estanqueidad de la misma.

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Caulking is both the processes and material (also called sealant) to seal joints or seams in various structures and some types of piping. The oldest form of caulking is used to make the seams in wooden boats or ships watertight, by driving fibrous materials into the wedge-shaped seams between boards. A related process was formerly employed to join sections of cast iron sewerage pipe. Caulking is also the term to describe the process used to make riveted iron or steel ships and boilers watertight or steamtight. The same term also refers to the application of flexible sealing compounds to close up gaps in buildings and other structures against water, air, dust, insects, or as a component in firestopping. In the tunnelling industry, caulking refers to the sealing of joints in segmental precast concrete tunnels, commonly by using concrete.

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