Osphronemidae es una familia de peces del suborden de los anabántidos (laberíntidos) vulgarmente llamados gouramis o guramis. Si bien Osphronemus gourami es pescado y criado para el consumo humano, la importancia económica de esta familia se vincula principalmente al acuarismo, ya que incluye a algunos de los peces de acuario más populares, tales como Betta splendens (luchador de Siam), Macropodus opercularis (pez paraíso), Trichogaster leeri y Colisa lalia (colisa enana). Mediante la crianza selectiva desarrollada durante décadas han surgido variedades de acuario que se diferencian de los ejemplares salvajes por el gran desarrollo de las aletas impares y por la intensidad de su colorido. Otros esquemas clasificatorios se refieren a esta familia como Polyacanthidae o Belontidae (exceptuando Osphronemus).

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Gouramis or gouramies /ɡuːˈrɑːmi/ are a group of freshwater perciform fishes that comprise the family, Osphronemidae. The fish are native to Asia, from Pakistan and India to the Malay Archipelago and north-easterly towards Korea. The name "gourami", of Javanese origin, is also used for fish of the families Helostomatidae and Anabantidae. Many gouramis have an elongated, feeler-like ray at the front of each of their pelvic fins. Many species show parental care: some are mouthbrooders, and others, like the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), build bubble nests. Currently, about 133 species are recognised, placed in four subfamilies and about 15 genera. The name Polyacanthidae has also been used for this family. Some fish now classified as gouramis were previously placed in family Anabantidae. The subfamily Belontiinae was recently demoted from the family Belontiidae. As labyrinth fishes, gouramis have a lung-like labyrinth organ that allows them to gulp air and use atmospheric oxygen. This organ is a vital innovation for fishes that often inhabit warm, shallow, oxygen-poor water.

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