El croma, o clave de color (del inglés chroma key) es una técnica audiovisual utilizada muy ampliamente tanto en cine, televisión y fotografía, que consiste en extraer un color de la imagen (usualmente el verde o el azul) y reemplazar el área que ocupaba ese color por otra imagen o video, con la ayuda de un equipo especializado o un ordenador. Esto se hace cuando es demasiado costoso o inviable rodar al personaje en el escenario deseado, o para evitar el laborioso recorte del personaje fotograma a fotograma (rotoscopia). Para que esto funcione, la ropa del actor o lo que esté delante del fondo no pueden ser del mismo color.

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Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a special effects / post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together based on color hues (chroma range). The technique has been used heavily in many fields to remove a background from the subject of a photo or video – particularly the newscasting, motion picture and videogame industries. A color range in the foreground footage is made transparent, allowing separately filmed background footage or a static image to be inserted into the scene. The chroma keying technique is commonly used in video production and post-production. This technique is also referred to as color keying, colour-separation overlay (CSO; primarily by the BBC), or by various terms for specific color-related variants such as green screen, and blue screen – chroma keying can be done with backgrounds of any color that are uniform and distinct, but green and blue backgrounds are more commonly used because they differ most distinctly in hue from most human skin colors. No part of the subject being filmed or photographed may duplicate the color used as the backing. It is commonly used for weather forecast broadcasts, wherein a news presenter is usually seen standing in front of a large CGI map during live television newscasts, though in actuality it is a large blue or green background. When using a blue screen, different weather maps are added on the parts of the image where the color is blue. If the news presenter wears blue clothes, his or her clothes will also be replaced with the background video. Chroma keying is also common in the entertainment industry for special effects in movies and videogames.

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