La guillotina fue la máquina utilizada para aplicar la pena capital por decapitación en varios países europeos como Francia, Reino Unido, Bélgica, Suecia, Italia, la antigua República Federal de Alemania y en la antigua República Democrática de Alemania. Aunque esté asociada con la Revolución francesa de 1789, durante la cual se empezó a utilizar en Francia, se utilizaba en otros países europeos.

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A guillotine (/ˈɡɪlətiːn/; French: [ɡijɔtin]) is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame in which a weighted and angled blade is raised to the top and suspended. The condemned person is secured with stocks at the bottom of the frame, positioning the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, to fall swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single pass so that the head falls into a basket below. The device is best known for its use in France, in particular during the French Revolution, where it was celebrated as the people's avenger by supporters of the revolution and vilified as the pre-eminent symbol of the Reign of Terror by opponents. The name dates from this period, but similar devices had been used elsewhere in Europe over several centuries. The guillotine continued to be used long after the revolution and remained France's standard method of judicial execution until the abolition of capital punishment in 1981. The last person to be executed in France was Hamida Djandoubi, who was executed by the guillotine on 10 September 1977.

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