El ácido hexanoico, también llamado ácido caproico (caper, en latín, cabra), es un ácido carboxílico derivado del hexano con, como su nombre lo sugiere, seis carbonos. Es un aceite incoloro, viscoso, olor a cabras u otros animales de granja. Forman sales llamadas hexanoatos o caproatos. Es un ácido graso encontrado naturalmente en las grasas y aceites animales, y es uno de los compuestos químicos que le da a la semilla del ginkgo el característico brillo y mal olor al descomponerse. Además, como su nombre vulgar sugiere, es parte de los sudores de las cabras. El mal olor de los calcetines sucios se debe al ácido caproico.

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Hexanoic acid (caproic acid) is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the general formula C5H11COOH. It is a colorless oily liquid with an odor that is fatty, cheesy, waxy, and like that of goats or other barnyard animals. It is a fatty acid found naturally in various animal fats and oils, and is one of the chemicals that give the decomposing fleshy seed coat of the ginkgo its characteristic unpleasant odor. It is also one of the components of vanilla. The primary use of hexanoic acid is in the manufacture of its esters for artificial flavors, and in the manufacture of hexyl derivatives, such as hexylphenols. The salts and esters of this acid are known as hexanoates or caproates. Two other acids are named after goats: caprylic (C8) and capric (C10). Along with hexanoic acid, these total 15% in goat milk fat. Caproic, caprylic, and capric acids (capric is a crystal- or wax-like substance, whereas the other two are mobile liquids) are not only used for the formation of esters, but also commonly used "neat" in: butter, milk, cream, strawberry, bread, beer, nut, and other flavors.

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