Mar Caspio (en ruso, Каспи́йское мо́ре) es un lago de agua salobre que se extiende entre Europa y Asia. Su superficie es de 371 000 km², su profundidad media es de 170 m, la máxima es de 995 m y es el lago más extenso del mundo. Sus dimensiones son 1210 km en dirección norte-sur y de 210 km a 436 km en dirección este-oeste. Ocupa la parte occidental de la depresión uralocáspica, que forma parte de la mayor cuenca endorreica de la Tierra, estando su superficie 28 m bajo el nivel del mar. Está fundamentalmente alimentado por el río Volga y por otros menos caudalosos como el Ural, el Emba y el Kura.

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The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is in an endorheic basin (it has no outflows) located between Europe and Asia. It is bounded to the northeast by Kazakhstan, to the northwest by Russia, to the west by Azerbaijan, to the south by Iran, and to the southeast by Turkmenistan. The Caspian Sea lies to the east of the Caucasus Mountains and to the west of the vast steppe of Central Asia. Its northern part, the Caspian Depression, is one of the lowest points on Earth. The ancient inhabitants of its coast perceived the Caspian Sea as an ocean, probably because of its saltiness and large size. The sea has a surface area of 371,000 km2 (143,200 sq mi) (not including its detached lagoon of Garabogazköl Aylagy) and a volume of 78,200 km3 (18,800 cu mi). It has a salinity of approximately 1.2% (12 g/l), about a third of the salinity of most seawater.

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