La ley de Ohm, postulada por el físico y matemático alemán Georg Simon Ohm, es una ley de la electricidad. Establece que la diferencia de potencial que aparece entre los extremos de un conductor determinado es proporcional a la intensidad de la corriente que circula por el citado conductor. Ohm completó la ley introduciendo la noción de resistencia eléctrica ; que es el factor de proporcionalidad que aparece en la relación entre : La fórmula anterior se conoce como Fórmula General de la Ley de Ohms, y en la misma, corresponde a la diferencia de potencial, a la resistencia e a la intensidad de la corriente. Las unidades de esas tres magnitudes en el sistema internacional de unidades son, respectivamente, voltios (V), ohmios (Ω) y amperios (A). Otras expresiones alternativas, que se obtienen a partir de la ecuación anterior, son: válida si 'R' no es nulo válida si 'I' no es nula En los circuitos de alterna senoidal, a partir del concepto de impedancia, se ha generalizado esta ley, dando lugar a la llamada ley de Ohm para circuitos recorridos por corriente alterna, que indica: siendo corresponde al fasor corriente, al fasor tensión y a la impedancia.

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Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this relationship: where I is the current through the conductor in units of amperes, V is the voltage measured across the conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the conductor in units of ohms. More specifically, Ohm's law states that the R in this relation is constant, independent of the current. The law was named after the German physicist Georg Ohm, who, in a treatise published in 1827, described measurements of applied voltage and current through simple electrical circuits containing various lengths of wire. He presented a slightly more complex equation than the one above (see section below) to explain his experimental results. The above equation is the modern form of Ohm's law. In physics, the term Ohm's law is also used to refer to various generalizations of the law originally formulated by Ohm. The simplest example of this is: where J is the current density at a given location in a resistive material, E is the electric field at that location, and σ (Sigma) is a material-dependent parameter called the conductivity. This reformulation of Ohm's law is due to Gustav Kirchhoff.

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