Un osciloscopio es un instrumento de visualización electrónico para la representación gráfica de señales eléctricas que pueden variar en el tiempo. Es muy usado en electrónica de señal, frecuentemente junto a un analizador de espectro. Presenta los valores de las señales eléctricas en forma de coordenadas en una pantalla, en la que normalmente el eje X (horizontal) representa tiempos y el eje Y (vertical) representa tensiones. La imagen así obtenida se denomina oscilograma. Suelen incluir otra entrada, llamada "eje THRASHER" o "Cilindro de Wehnelt" que controla la luminosidad del haz, permitiendo resaltar o apagar algunos segmentos de la traza. Los osciloscopios, clasificados según su funcionamiento interno, pueden ser tanto analógicos como digitales, siendo el resultado mostrado idéntico en cualquiera de los dos casos, en teoría.

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An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph, and informally known as a scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of constantly varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time. Other signals (such as sound or vibration) can be converted to voltages and displayed. Oscilloscopes are used to observe the change of an electrical signal over time, such that voltage and time describe a shape which is continuously graphed against a calibrated scale. The observed waveform can be analyzed for such properties as amplitude, frequency, rise time, time interval, distortion and others. Modern digital instruments may calculate and display these properties directly. Originally, calculation of these values required manually measuring the waveform against the scales built into the screen of the instrument. The oscilloscope can be adjusted so that repetitive signals can be observed as a continuous shape on the screen. A storage oscilloscope allows single events to be captured by the instrument and displayed for a relatively long time, allowing observation of events too fast to be directly perceptible. Oscilloscopes are used in the sciences, medicine, engineering, automotive and the telecommunications industry. General-purpose instruments are used for maintenance of electronic equipment and laboratory work. Special-purpose oscilloscopes may be used for such purposes as analyzing an automotive ignition system or to display the waveform of the heartbeat as an electrocardiogram. Before the advent of digital electronics, oscilloscopes used cathode ray tubes (CRTs) as their display element (hence were commonly referred to as CROs) and linear amplifiers for signal processing. Storage oscilloscopes used special storage CRTs to maintain a steady display of a single brief signal. CROs were later largely superseded by digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) with thin panel displays, fast analog-to-digital converters and digital signal processors. DSOs without integrated displays (sometimes known as digitisers) are available at lower cost and use a general-purpose digital computer to process and display waveforms.

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