El acadio (lišānum akkadītum, 𒀝𒂵𒌈 ak.kADû) es una lengua semítica actualmente extinta, hablada en la antigua Mesopotamia principalmente por asirios y babilonios durante el II milenio a. C. En su tiempo llega a ser lingua franca de toda la región. Se escribe usando un sistema de escritura cuneiforme derivado del sumerio. El nombre deriva de la ciudad de Acad. El babilonio y el asirio son formas tardías de acadio empleadas en los reinos de Babilonia y Asiria, respectivamente. El acadio llega a Mesopotamia desde el norte con los pueblos semíticos. Los primeros nombres propios acadios recogidos en textos sumerios se remontan al 2800 a. C., lo que indica que, al menos en esa época, gente de habla acadia se había instalado en Mesopotamia. Las primeras tablillas escritas enteramente en acadio usando el sistema cuneiforme datan de 2400 a. C. pero no hay un uso importante del acadio en la escritura antes del 2300 a. C. Es entonces, al formarse el Imperio acadio con Sargón I, que crece la importancia de la lengua y su uso en documentos escritos hasta llegar a convertirse en la lengua dominante en Mesopotamia por espacio de 1000 años. Con esto el acadio relega el uso del sumerio a textos legales o religiosos. Los faraones egipcios y los reyes hititas usan el acadio para comunicarse entre sí. Los funcionarios de Egipto escriben en acadio en sus relaciones con sus vasallos en Siria y la mayoría de las cartas halladas en el-Amarna están escritas en acadio.

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Akkadian (/əˈkeɪdiən/ akkadû, 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑 ak-ka-du-u2; logogram: 𒌵𒆠 URIKI ) is an extinct East Semitic language (part of the greater Afroasiatic language family) that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system, which was originally used to write the unrelated Ancient Sumerian, a language isolate. The language was named after the city of Akkad, a major centre of Mesopotamian civilization during the Akkadian Empire (ca. 2334–2154 BC), but the language itself predates the founding of Akkad by many centuries. The mutual influence between Sumerian and Akkadian had led scholars to describe the languages as a sprachbund.Akkadian proper names were first attested in Sumerian texts from around the mid 3rd-millennium BC. From the second half of the third millennium BC (ca. 2500 BC), texts fully written in Akkadian begin to appear. Hundreds of thousands of texts and text fragments have been excavated to date, covering a vast textual tradition of mythological narrative, legal texts, scientific works, correspondence, political and military events, and many other examples. By the second millennium BC, two variant forms of the language were in use in Assyria and Babylonia, known as Assyrian and Babylonian respectively. For centuries, Akkadian was the native language in Mesopotamian nations such as Assyria and Babylonia. Because of the might of various Mesopotamian empires, such as the Akkadian Empire, Old Assyrian Empire, Babylonian Empire, and Middle Assyrian Empire, Akkadian became the lingua franca of much of the Ancient Near East. However, it began to decline during the Neo Assyrian Empire around the 8th century BC, being marginalized by Aramaic during the reign of Tiglath-pileser III. By the Hellenistic period, the language was largely confined to scholars and priests working in temples in Assyria and Babylonia. The last known Akkadian cuneiform document dates from the 1st century AD.

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