adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suruintransitive verb bending;twisting;winding

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suruintransitive verb hard to understand;unintelligible

adverb taking the 'to' particle formal or literary term stiff;stilted;awkward